Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.3390/v13020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-viral activity against A/Weiss/43 H1N1 of synthetic compounds in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.

Article Snippet: The influenza strains A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 were purchased from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.3390/v13020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of influenza virus infection by 3D, a butene lactone compound. ( A ) The chemical structure of 3D. ( B ) Cytotoxic effect of 3D on MDCK and A549 cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of 3D for 72 h and cell viability was measured by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ( C ) MDCK cells were infected with influenza A virus (A/Weiss/43 H1N1, A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2; 100 TCID 50 ) and then treated with indicated concentrations of 3D for 72 h. Then, MTT assay was performed to determine the viability of these cells. ( D ) MDCK cells were mock-infected or infected with A/Weiss/43 H1N1. The image was acquired after incubation with 3D (50 µM) for 24 h (100×). ( E ) A549 cells infected with A/Weiss/43 H1N1 were treated with different concentrations of 3D for 72 h. Viral titers in the medium were analyzed by measuring the TCID50. ( F ) MDCK cells were infected with A/Weiss/43 H1N1 and treated with different concentrations of 3D. The expression of NP mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR at 24, 36, and 48 h post-infection ( x -axis). The data are shown as the mean ± SD. ( ## p < 0.01 as compared with the normal control; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the virus control).

Article Snippet: The influenza strains A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 were purchased from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Virus, Infection, MTT Assay, Incubation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.3390/v13020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiviral activities of different drugs against influenza virus (IAV) strains.

Article Snippet: The influenza strains A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 were purchased from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Virus

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.3390/v13020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 3D on apoptosis induced by H1N1. A549 cells were mock-infected or infected with A/Weiss/43 H1N1 and treated with 3D (30, 50, and 80 µM) for 24 h. ( A ) Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. ( B ) Cell lysates were collected and the indicated proteins were detected by western blot assay. For positive control, the indicated cells were treated with ribavirin (100 µM).

Article Snippet: The influenza strains A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 were purchased from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Western Blot, Positive Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

doi: 10.3390/v13020278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of 3D in vivo. After three days for adaption, mice were mock-infected or infected with A/Weiss/43 H1N1. Mice were intragastrically administered with different compounds once a day for six consecutive days. ( A ) Body weight was monitored every day. ( B ) At six days post-infection, lungs were harvested, observed, and weighed. ( C ) The lung indexes were calculated and analyzed. ( D ) Photomicrographs of histopathology in lung tissue with HE staining were recorded (100×). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. ( ## p < 0.01 compared with the normal control; ** p < 0.01 compared with the virus control.) ( B ) and ( D ) samples from (a) the normal control group; (b) the virus control group; (c) the 3D low-dose group, (d) the 3D middle-dose group, (e) the 3D high-dose group, (f) the ribavirin group, and (g) the oseltamivir group.

Article Snippet: The influenza strains A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 were purchased from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Drug discovery, In Vivo, Infection, Histopathology, Staining, Control, Virus